ICANN
ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) is the nonprofit that coordinates global domain name and IP address allocation. It accredits gTLD registrars, contracts with gTLD registries, sets policy for gTLD lifecycle and transfer rules, and operates the IANA function. ICANN does not manage ccTLDs directly — those are operated by national registries with their own policies.
Also known as: Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
In depth
ICANN was created in 1998 to take over the administrative functions previously handled by the US Department of Commerce. Its core role is to ensure the global DNS operates as a single coherent system — that example.com resolves to the same place from every network.
For gTLDs, ICANN is the policy authority. Registries operate under ICANN Registry Agreements; registrars operate under ICANN Registrar Accreditation Agreements. Policies for lifecycle (the 45+30+5 model), transfer (60-day post-transfer lock, authcode-based authorisation), and dispute resolution (UDRP) all originate from ICANN.
For ccTLDs, ICANN coordinates through the country code domain delegation process but does not set policy. Each ccTLD registry operates under national authority.
ICANN also operates IANA functions: the root zone, IP address allocation to RIRs, and protocol parameter registries.
Examples
- ICANN-accredited registrars: must complete an accreditation process and meet operational requirements.
- UDRP cases: filed under ICANN's Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy.
- New gTLD program: ICANN-run rounds that delegated hundreds of new TLDs starting 2014.
Frequently asked questions
What does ICANN actually do?
Coordinates the global DNS, accredits registrars and registries for gTLDs, sets policy for gTLD operations, and operates IANA functions.
Does ICANN regulate ccTLDs?
No. ccTLDs are operated by national registries with their own policies. ICANN coordinates the technical delegation but does not set ccTLD policy.
Is ICANN a government agency?
No. ICANN is a US-based nonprofit. It is not a government agency, though its functions originated from US Department of Commerce contracts.
Where do ICANN policies come from?
A multi-stakeholder process involving registries, registrars, business interests, civil society, and individual users. Policies are developed through working groups and approved by the ICANN Board.
How do I file a complaint about a registrar?
Through ICANN's compliance department at icann.org/compliance. ICANN can audit and ultimately deaccredit registrars that violate the Registrar Accreditation Agreement.
Related terms
References
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